Topics

In acoustic measurements, background noise refers to sounds that do not originate from the source being measured. During acoustic measurements in industry, it is often not possible to switch off neighbouring sound…

Also known as a ‘generalised forecast’. In this case, the immissions affecting buildings are calculated as a ‘worst-case’ scenario using a series of empirically determined transfer functions, usually based on…

The basic obligations are set out in the first section of the Major Accidents Ordinance (§§ 3 - 8a) and apply to all operational categories (lower and upper class).

Best Available Techniques. BAT is generally defined in Article 3 of the IPPC Directive as “the most efficient and advanced stage of development of activities and associated operational methods, which makes certain…

Technical background information that, depending on the specific activity, includes a description of the techniques used, current emission and consumption values, and the resulting findings. The key conclusions from…

Determination of the maximum operating time of a battery-powered device.

A battery storage system is a stationary energy storage device based on rechargeable batteries and/or capacitors. Key parameters include power (in watts) and storage capacity (in watt-hours). In commercial…

Building dynamics describes the dynamic behaviour of the ground when subjected to vibration excitation. It provides an essential basis for the prediction and assessment of vibrations. Key parameters include the…

Determination of the dynamic stiffness of bearing components (on a test bench or by using an impulse hammer test).

Targeted design of bearing characteristics for a specific machine configuration. The aim may be to achieve the smoothest possible operation of machines or to minimise the transmission of vibrations to other…

Targeted design of bearing characteristics for a specific machine configuration. The aim may be to achieve the smoothest possible operation of machines or to minimise the transmission of vibrations to other…

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with an aromatic odour. Benzene is carcinogenic. It is found in petrol for motor vehicles. Whenever you fill up your car, you come into contact with this dangerous substance,…

Benzo(a)pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). When inhaled, it is carcinogenic. In the air, benzo(a)pyrene is detected bound to particulate matter and is considered an indicator substance for other…

The BESTAL programme is the reference implementation for applying the revised version of the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft) regarding stack height regulations (taking immissions into…

Airborne particles of biological origin. Bioaerosols are any collections of particles in the air that have fungi (spores, conidia, hyphal fragments), bacteria, viruses, and/or pollen, as well as their cell wall…

Wood preservatives, plant protection products, insecticides, moth repellents, fungicides, etc.

Biodiversity encompasses the variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes to which they belong. It serves as an indicator of ecosystem health and ensures the provision of ecosystem services such…

Also known as an SPA (Special Protected Area). These are usually large areas that form part of the European Natura 2000 network of protected areas, established to conserve wild bird species and their habitats. …

The number of pulses per unit of time generated by the movement of a rotating blade past a guide vane or housing element in fans. This can be, for example, the “tongue” of a centrifugal fan housing or the mounting…

The force exerted by a machine or an actuator on an ideally rigid body. It is therefore a quantity independent of the receiving structure.

Systems in which combustible gases are handled are usually equipped with one or more blowers. These are used, for example, to vent gases into the open air in a controlled manner, e.g. for maintenance and repair…

A technology for wireless data transmission over short distances, often used for audio devices and peripherals.

Bimodal multiple unit

Technical Terms of Delivery: Prestressed concrete sleepers with elastic bases – Elastic sleeper bases.

Technical Terms of Delivery: Elastic interlayers and intermediate plates.

The running gear of a rail vehicle. Rolling noise and aeroacoustic noise are caused by the bogie. Structure-borne noise is transmitted into the vehicle interior via the bogie’s connection to the car body. …

An acoustic phenomenon that occurs, among other places, in industrial shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Uniform vortex shedding, caused by the flow over the tube bundles, resonates with an acoustic room mode…

Numerical method – often used to calculate acoustic radiation.

A microphone mounted centrally on a defined rigid panel, using a primary and secondary windscreen. The windscreens effectively reduce wind-induced noise at the microphone.

The noise known as brake squealing occurs in vehicles equipped with disc brakes. In this case, the brake pads slide jerkily across the brake disc (slip-stick effect). The brake disc is excited to vibrate strongly at…

Test condition in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3095, in which the vehicle is braked to a stop.

Noise caused by braking. One common type of braking noise is squealing.

Best Available Techniques Reference Documents (see BAT guidelines).

Electronic devices such as televisions, radios, and stereo systems.

Building materials suspected of containing pollutants.

Historically: requirements imposed on a ship by the classification societies.

Statutory and normative requirements governing the construction of buildings and other structures. These are based on European standards, technical assessment documents, certificates of suitability in accordance…

Permanent damage to displays caused by static images.