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The average value of the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level LpAeq to which employees are exposed during a representative working day, based on a working time of 8 hours. The daily noise exposure level is…

Data centres are buildings or rooms that house the central IT infrastructure – such as servers and the technology required for their operation – for one or more companies or organisations. They play a key role in…

Adapting data into the format required for the respective question.

Analysis of the data flow between a device (e.g. a smartphone) and the servers it connects to which occurs when using an app or an internet-enabled device.

Computer-aided calculations of vibration emissions using the finite element method.

Determination of the dynamic properties of individual components by decoupling them from the overall system.

Defensive fire protection refers to all measures that are essentially taken by the fire brigade at the scene of the fire. This regulates, for example, the supply of fire-fighting water, areas for the fire brigade,…

Air pollutants can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere and subsequently deposited into ecosystems. This transfer of air pollutants from the atmosphere to the ground is called deposition. Air…

Heavy metals are released into the atmosphere⁠ through, among other things, the combustion of fossil fuels, waste incineration and industrial processes, such as metal processing. They enter ecosystems via…

Nitrogen compounds are primarily emitted into the atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels, e.g. in transport, and in agriculture. Combustion processes mainly produce oxidised nitrogen compounds, namely…

A major source of sulphur in the atmosphere is the combustion of sulphur-containing fuels, which releases sulphur dioxide. Another significant source is sulphur emissions from the oceans, which is why slightly…

Efficient scanning of the design space and creation of an approximate model.

Larger industrial plants, such as outdoor facilities, often consist of a large number of individual noise sources within a confined space. In a detailed analysis, the noise sources and transmission paths of an…

In a detailed acoustic planning, the design of a complex plant (e.g. an outdoor installation with a large number of noise sources) is examined and assessed from an acoustic perspective (including with regard to…

Unlike the basic analysis, the transfer functions of the planned building structure are determined in detail using a finite element model.

In acoustic measurements, background noise refers to sounds that do not originate from the source being measured. When conducting noise measurements on wind turbines, the turbine under assessment and, where…

The determination of gaseous emissions in the context of emission measurements involves the quantitative and qualitative measurement of gaseous pollutants released into the air from various sources, such as…

The determination of particulate emissions in the context of emission measurements involves the quantitative and qualitative measurement of particulate pollutants released into the air from various sources, such as…

Facilities for the storage, filling, or handling of substances hazardous to water may only be constructed, operated, or substantially modified if their suitability has been determined by the competent authority. …

Calculation and consideration of an existing actual impact (threshold of reasonableness in terms of technical planning) as a basis for the permitting authority’s decision-making.

A method for determining the required outlet height (usually in accordance with TA Luft) based on emissions in conjunction with the exhaust gas boundary conditions, while taking into account surrounding buildings,…

Digital terrain model.

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (German Sustainable Building Association), building certifications that require indoor air quality to be verified through measurements of VOCs and formaldehyde. …

Methods involving low exposure to asbestos during demolition, refurbishment and maintenance work.

Software for the design, calculation and visualisation of indoor and outdoor lighting systems.

The difference in sound level between a diffuse sound field in a reverberant room when transitioning to free-field conditions (e.g. via an opening in a building façade).

The difference between the sound pressure level at a distance of 1 m to 2 m from the inward-facing surface of a building element and the intensity level of the sound incident perpendicular to that same building…

Modelling of point, line or surface objects.

Series of standards (Parts 1 to 3) for the assessment and calculation of vibrations in the construction industry.

Standard for the preliminary determination of vibration parameters relating to structural vibrations.

Standard for the determination and assessment of the effects of vibrations on people in buildings.

Standard for the determination and assessment of vibration effects on structures.

Series of standards (Parts 1 & 2) on the measurement of vibration immissions (sensors and measurement methods).

Standard for determining the release of nitrosamines and nitrosatable substances from elastomers and rubber.

Measurement standard for the characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass-by noise measurements (measurement of the track decay rate).

Standard for the assessment of the acoustic performance of vehicle-to-vehicle interfaces.

Standard for the objective assessment of speech intelligibility using the speech transmission index.

Series of standards specifying requirements for acoustic signalling devices on rail vehicles and their metrological verification.

Standard for measuring rail and wheel roughness with regard to the generation of rolling noise.

Standard for the measurement of noise emissions from rail vehicles.

Standard for noise measurements in rail vehicles.

Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with instructions on use.

DIN EN ISO 45004 is a new international guideline designed to help organisations systematically monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate the performance of their occupational health and safety management system…

The three published parts of DIN ISO 12913 define the term “soundscape” and describe methods for data collection and analysis in relation to this term.  

Guideline on sound-insulating cladding for pipes, valves and flanges. It defines the acoustic performance of four pipe sound-insulation classes and addresses acoustic considerations relating to the selection, design…

Measurement method for determining the sound power level of noise from multi-source industrial installations (e.g. process areas in outdoor facilities) using so-called omnidirectional measurements. …

A calculation method for determining the sound pressure levels at specific points-of-interest (sound immission levels) based on the sound power levels of noise sources (sound emission levels). It is used, among…

Incineration of PVC, contamination in PCP.

In total, the group of dioxins comprises 75 polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDD) and 135 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) (also known as PCDD/PCDF). Dioxins are always present in the form of mixtures of…

Software from Vibes.Technology for specialised impulse hammer measurements and virtual point transformation.

Specialised measurement technology; a microphone with a pronounced directional characteristic which suppresses sound coming from the sides and from behind. It enables acoustic measurements to be carried out even in…

The measurement of the difference between the brightest and darkest areas of a display.

Colloquial term for an expert opinion to determine the safety margin or appropriate safety distance.

Section 50 of the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) stipulates, among other things, that the distances between operational areas and corresponding uses requiring protection must be taken into account,…

Diesel multiple unit. A self-propelled multiple-unit train powered by internal combustion engines, typically diesel engines, that can operate independently without a separate locomotive.

The entrance doors of passenger trains must comply with the acoustic requirements set out in the TSI-PRM for mainline rolling stock. The signal frequencies, signal durations and sound pressure levels to be observed…

Container consisting of two independent walls, the space between which serves as a monitoring chamber equipped with a leak detection system that indicates any leakage in the inner or outer wall. …

Indicates the number of pixels per inch and is a measure of the resolution of displays or images.

The term ‘dust constituents’ generally refers to substances that can have a negative impact on both human health and the environment. These include, amongst others, arsenic, lead, cadmium and nickel, as well as…

The difference between the quietest and loudest sound a system can reproduce.

A condition in which a building is capable of withstanding the vibration amplitudes required to enable its intended use.

A dynamic property of elastic mounting elements that is required to assess the effectiveness of acoustic decoupling of equipment.  Calculation of dynamic stiffnesses – including via virtual point transformation in…

Description of complex components/structures through their individual components.